ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT An overview is provided of the status of research at the frontiers of investigation of the chemistry and photochemistry of two classes of natural plant pigments, the anthocyanins and the betalains, as well as of the pyranoanthocyanin pigments formed from anthocyanins during the maturation of red wine. Together, anthocyanins and betalains are responsible for almost all of the red, purple and blue colors of fruits and flowers and anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins are major contributors to the color of red wines. All three types of pigments are cationic below about pH 3, highly colored, non-toxic, reasonably soluble in water or alcohol and fairly stable to light. They exhibit good antioxidant or antiradical activity and, as part of our diet, confer a number of important health benefits. Systematic studies of model compounds containing the basic chromophoric groups of these three types of pigments are providing a deeper understanding of the often complex chemistry and photochemistry of these pigments and their relationship to the roles in vivo of these pigments in plants. These natural pigments are currently being exploited as starting materials for the preparation of novel semi-synthetic dyes, pigments and fluorescence probes.
Subject(s)
Wine , Pigmentation , Flowers/chemistry , Betalains/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Anthocyanins/chemistry , Color , Betalains/isolation & purification , Anthocyanins/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a qualidade de vida (QV) e o nível de atividade física em idosos normotensos e hipertensos. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal realizado em 80 idosos, divididos em dois grupos: hipertensos (n=40; 69,5 ± 13,3 anos) cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA e normotensos (n=40; 67,4 ± 13,5 anos) cadastrados na estratégia de saúde da família por meio cartazes e folders. A pesquisa foi realizada no domicílio de cada paciente. Para avaliar a QV foi utilizado o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life e para avaliar nível de atividade física o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). O escore total de QV dos normotensos foi melhor em comparação aos hipertensos (p = 0,022). O grupo normotenso também apresentou escore no domínio físico superior ao grupo hipertenso (p = 0,039). Para os domínios psicológico, social e ambiental não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos escores (p > 0,05). Os dois grupos foram classificados como "sedentários" pelo IPAQ, independentemente dos valores de pressão arterial. Em conclusão, idosos hipertensos possuem pior percepção de QV do que idosos normotensos, enquanto que, todos os idosos foram classificados como sedentários.
The aim of the present study was to compare the quality of life (QL) and physical activity level between normotensive and hypertensive elderly subjects. This study was quantitative and cross sectional consisting of 80 elderly men and women, divided into two groups: hypertensive (n=40; 69.5 ± 13.3 years) registered in the HIPERDIA program and normotensive (n=40; 67.4 ± 13.5years) registered in the strategy of health family by folders. The research was conducted in the home of each patient. The World Health Organization Quality of Life was used to evaluate the QL and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to evaluate the levels of physical activity. The total score of QL among the normotensive group was higher as compared with the hypertensive group (p = 0.022). The normotensive group also presented a better score in the physical domain as compared with the hypertensive group (p = 0.039). There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological, social and environmental domains (p > 0.05). All elderly subjects were classified as sedentary according to the IPAQ, regardless of the blood pressure values. In conclusion, elderly hypertensive subjects present a poorer perception of QL, while all elderly subjects were classified as sedentary.